《植物生理学报》 2015, 51(9): 1414-1418

苹果果实不同发育期维管束结构及水分运输变化

王艳芳, 叶淄, 刘昊, 刘群龙, 张彬, 郝燕燕^*

山西农业大学园艺学院, 山西太谷030801

通信作者：郝燕燕；E-mail: yanyanhao123@163.com；Tel: 0354-6289094

摘　要：

以‘富士’苹果果实为试材, 采用质外体染料示踪法结合维管束石蜡切片观察研究苹果果实不同发育期维管束水分运输变化及维管束结构变化。结果表明, 苹果果实幼果期, 维管束染色数量最多, 染色范围最广, 染液运输速率也最高, 为3.1 cm•h^-1, 萼片主维管束形态结构完整, 呈半月形, 木质部导管及薄壁细胞分布规则, 呈辐射状排列。进入着色期, 维管束染色范围缩小, 染液运输速率下降, 果肉细胞及木质部薄壁细胞的膨大, 将萼片主维管束由半月形挤压成弯月形, 并使得部分维管束离散。果实发育至成熟期后, 染液在梗洼处停留, 维管束几乎无染液分布, 染液运输速率也最低, 只有0.32 cm•h^-1, 膨大的薄壁细胞将萼片主维管束挤压得扭曲变形呈不规则线条状, 维管束结构严重破坏, 排列疏松分散, 纵切解剖结构观察还发现萼片主维管束纵向发生了部分断裂或整体断裂。

关键词：苹果果实; 维管束; 水分运输; 解剖结构

收稿：2015-07-09   修定：2015-07-28

资助：国家自然科学基金(31101511)和山西农业大学科技创新基金(20132-17)。

Changes of Vascular Bundles Structure and Water Transport of Apple Fruit in Different Development Period

WANG Yan-Fang, YE Zi, LIU Hao, LIU Qun-Long, ZHANG Bin, HAO Yan-Yan^*

College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agriculture University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China

Corresponding author: HAO Yan-Yan; E-mail: yanyanhao123@163.com; Tel: 0354-6289094

Abstract:

The experiment was conducted with Malus domestica cv. ‘Fuji’ as materials. The apoplastic dye solution was used as tracer to monitor the water transportation in vascular bundles and paraffin section was made to observe the structure changes of vascular bundles in different development periods. The results showed that during young fruit period, the vascular bundles were colored mostly, the speed of dye solution transport in vascular bundles was the highest by 3.1 cm•h^-1. The structure of major sepal bundles was complete, half-moon shaped. The vessels and xylem parenchyma cells were arranged by rule radial pattern. After fruit coloring, the distribution and the speed of dye solution in vascular bundles were reduced. Parts of the vascular bundles were separated by the expansion of flesh cells and xylem parenchyma cells, and which made the major sepal bundles squeeze into meniscus shaped. During the mature period, the dye solution remained in the stalk cavity, the vascular bundles were no stained and the speed of dye solution transport is the lowest, only 0.32 cm•h^-1. The major sepal bundles were distort, nearly irregular line shaped. The vascular bundles were almost collapsed by the continue expanding cells. Longitudinal section observation also showed that part or the whole vascular bundles were ruptured.

Key words: apple fruit; vascular bundles; water transport; anatomic structure